Camponotus dolendus is a large Asian carpenter ant distinguished by a matte, velvet-like surface and pronounced differences among worker castes. The species originates from the forest regions of southern China. Its appeal lies in visible colony organization as much as coloration: agile foragers explore the arena, while the largest workers participate in nest defense and in processing substantial food prey.

A dark velvet appearance

The main body color is a deep matte black with a soft-looking, velvety finish. Reddish-brown to chestnut tones on the legs and thorax provide a clear contrast. Queens reach 14–16 mm in length, while large workers and soldiers measure 11–13 mm. These dimensions make individual ants, caste differences, and activity around the arena relatively easy to observe.

Camponotus dolendus displays marked worker polymorphism. Smaller, mobile foragers investigate the available territory. Soldiers have broader heads and powerful mandibles and take part in defending the nest and breaking down larger prey. As the family matures, its activity becomes increasingly coordinated, with differently sized workers performing complementary tasks.

Humidity with a dry alternative

The species comes from humid subtropical forests, so the nest requires stable moderate to elevated humidity. More water is not automatically better: puddles and persistent saturation must be avoided, particularly because excessive dampness can endanger pupae. The keeper needs to assess the actual condition of the chambers instead of treating the entire nest as one uniformly wet area.

Both fully gypsum and partially gypsum formicaria are described as suitable. G23 gypsum provides a moisture-retaining section. In a partial layout, this area is paired with dry PETG chambers to create a humidity gradient, allowing the ants to select a more humid or drier compartment. Because of the size of the major workers, the source recommends nest chambers at least 12 mm high.

The stated temperature range is 25–28°C. Stable heating and careful moisture management are important, which makes this species more appropriate for a keeper with some practical experience rather than someone encountering formicarium care for the first time.

Carbohydrates and protein

The feeding plan has two main components. Honey or sugar syrup and pieces of sweet fruit supply carbohydrates. Protein food supports larval growth; the source specifically names feeder crickets and marbled cockroaches. The arena should be monitored after feeding so that unused pieces do not remain beside the colony for longer than necessary.

Care profile

• origin: southern China;
• body color: matte black with reddish-brown or chestnut legs and thorax;
• queen length: 14–16 mm;
• large worker and soldier length: 11–13 mm;
• pronounced worker polymorphism;
• recommended chamber height: at least 12 mm;
• nest humidity: moderate to elevated, without puddles or continuous saturation;
• temperature: 25–28°C;
• carbohydrate foods: honey syrup, sugar syrup, and sweet fruit;
• protein foods: feeder insects such as crickets or marbled cockroaches.

Common questions

Is Camponotus dolendus suitable for a first colony?
The ants need steady temperatures and attentive humidity control. They are therefore better suited to a keeper who already has some experience maintaining a formicarium and interpreting changes in nest conditions.

Should the nest be fully or partially gypsum-based?
Either layout can be used. A fully gypsum nest provides a moisture-retaining environment, while a partial design combines G23 gypsum with dry PETG chambers. The latter offers a more obvious gradient and lets the colony choose between zones. Chamber height should be at least 12 mm.

Why should the nest not be heavily flooded?
This species requires humidity, but standing water and constant excessive dampness are not the same as a controlled moist microclimate. Puddles can create unsuitable conditions for pupae. A stable gradient gives the ants access to moisture without removing every dry option.

What supports brood development?
Protein from feeder insects is important for growing larvae. Crickets and marbled cockroaches are listed as suitable examples. Adult workers also need carbohydrate sources such as syrup and small portions of sweet fruit.

What can be observed in a developed colony?
A mature family shows clear differentiation between active foragers and broad-headed soldiers. Workers explore the arena, handle food, and defend the nest according to their size and role, making the colony’s polymorphism visible during routine activity.